Web accessibility is about making your website accessible to all internet users (both disabled and non-disabled), regardless of what browsing technology they are using.
Webcredible, a web accessibility and usability consultant, suggests a number of guidelines that provide a good start in increasing accessibility to disabled people:
1. Check informational images for alternative text
Place the cursor over an informational image, for example, the organisation logo. Does a yellow box appear with a brief, accurate description of the image? For users whose browsers do not support images, this alternative text is what they will see (or hear) in place of the image.
2. Check decorative images for alternative text
Place the cursor over a decorative image that does not have any function other than to look nice. Does a yellow box appear with a description of the image? It should not. There is no reason for users whose browsers do not support images to know that this image is there, as it serves no purpose.
3. ‘Listen’ to any video or audio content with the volume turned off
If you turn your speakers off, you are clearly unable to listen to, or follow, any audio content. This situation is faced by a deaf person on a daily basis. Ensure your website supplies written transcripts, so that deaf people can understand the message that your website is conveying.
4. Check that forms are accessible
Usually there is prompt text next to each item in a form. For example, a contact form might have the prompt text ‘name’, ‘e-mail’, and ‘comments’, each one next to a box where your site users will enter the information. When you click on the prompt text, does a flashing cursor appear in the box next to that text? If not, your forms may be inaccessible.
5. Check that text can be resized
In Chrome, click on the settings icon, click “Settings” in the menu, then click the “Show advanced settings” link near the bottom of the Settings page. Now scroll down and look for Web Content. Under Web content you should find Font size / in Internet Explorer go to View > Font size > Largest. Does the text on your website increase in size? If not, then your website may be inaccessible to web users with poor visibility.
6. Check your website in the Lynx browser
The Lynx browser is a text-only browser and does not support many of the features that other browsers such as Internet Explorer have. You can check how your site looks in this browser with the Lynx Viewer. If your website makes sense and can be navigated through the Lynx browser, then it will be fulfilling many of the web accessibility guidelines.
7. Check that you can access all areas of your website without the use of a mouse
Can you navigate through your website using just tab, shift-tab and return? If not, then neither can keyboard- and voice-only users.
8. Check that there is a site map
Can you easily find a site map? If not, then neither can people who are lost on your website.
9. Ensure link text makes sense out of context
Blind internet users often browse websites by tabbing from one link to the next. Does all the link text on your website make sense out of context? ‘Click here’ and ‘more’ are two common examples of non-descriptive link text.
10. Check your web pages with an automated program
One program available for free on the internet is Wave. It is unable to provide you with all the information that you need, as some checks must be done by humans, but it can tell you some of the areas where your site might be going wrong. Another useful resource is The Top 25 Awesome Accessibility Testing Tools for Websites at Dyno Mapper.
